Inclosed electric heater



March 19, 1935. 1 c. HYATT 1,995,000

A INCLOSED ELECTRIC HEATER Filed May 9, .1.929

FIG. 1.

INVENTOR LOUIS C. HYATT ATTOR N EY Patented Mar. 19, 1935 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE INCLOSED ELECTRIC HEATER Louis C. Hyatt, Albany, N. Y.,assignor to Consolidated Car-Heating Company, Inc., Albany, N. Y., acorporation of New York Application May 9, 1929, Serial No. 361,743 2Claims. (Cl. 219-38) For a detailed description of the present formformer type of heater is that the outside metal of my invention,reference may be had to the casing is electrically insulated, beingtherefore following specincation and to the accompanying safe to handle,and capable of being clamped to, drawing, forming a part thereof,wherein or immersed in, a material to be heated thereby. 5 Fig. lillustrates an existing form of inclosed The disadvantage of it, which Ihave succeeded 5 electric heater; in overcoming, is that the resistor isinsulated Figs, 2, 3 and 4 illustrate my improvement thermally as wellas electrically. For that reason thereon. the generation of heat in theresistor must be kept My invention consists in a form of electricvstrictly limited, for the safety ofthe resistor conheater of theinclosed type capable of operating ductor, while the slowness of ,heatremoval from 10 at a much higher temperature of the resistor SaidCOndllCtOr t0 the easing 0r medium t0 be and having a far greatercapacity than has hereheated by the casing, makes necessary the emtoforebeen possible in ordinary heaters of this plcyment 0f n comparativelylarge heater for any type. This I accomplish by supporting and eieolargeheating transaction. In other words, the

trically insulating the resistor with a material fermer heater has Only310W CeDaCityl5 which is at the same time permeable by radiant TurningneXt t0 Fig- 2, Wlliell illustrates my heat and which will also retainto an adequate imprOVement, V represents tile metallic Outer extent itselectrical insulating quality when it is tube. W represents a tube cfquartz, preferably itself at a luminous heat. It is well known thattransparent, although translucent quartz will 2o radiant heat travels inthe order of about 181,000 serve, and inside 0f the qllelrtZ tllbe isthe le- 20 miles per second, i. e. approximately the speed sistOr X,naVing its terminal reds F F in the of light. On the other hand, heattravels by conbushing D Wrapped With mica Where it enters duction amatter of inches per minute or minutes the metal Cesey lust as in the01d heaters. The per inch, depending upon the material, It is alsoquartz tube is permeable to heat radiation, instead wc-ll known thatradiant energy (radiant heat) 0f being a heat insulator, and instantlytransmits 25 travels through space, whereas Conducted heat the heatradiated from the resistor to the metal does not. Alsos that radiantenergy is stopped by case V or other heat receiving medium outside ofopaque bodies, whereas conducted heat is not. the quartz- FOI thatreason, it becomes Possible, Therefore, with e heater unit, of thistype, the and such is my practice, to operate the resistor generatedheat of the resistor will be dispersed at a luminous neet, either a red,0r even e White 30 to the outside atmosphere or to the inclosing heatThereby gain a large CaDaCity in a given metal casing or other medium tobe heated at a heater, as Compared With those DreViOuSly used. far morerapid rate than when the Customary Unless this heat is absorbed by thecasing or other opaque and heet insulating materiais are em medium aboutas rapidly as it is generated in the 5 ployed as electrical insulators.Thus the heater resistor, the quartz Will also beCOIne red hot, but 35has a correspondingly greater capacity than herethis is immaterialbecause the quartz, unlike other tofore, not only respondinginstantaneously to the insulators, will maintain its electricalinsulating electric current, but the resistor can be mainproperty ethigh heat. MreOVer it Will at high tained with safety at an operatingtemperature heat preserve its shape and mechanical strength which wouldbe unsafe and even ruinous to preandy-What is also 0f imD0rtanCe,-it hasOnly a 40 existing heaters. This permits a natural saving negligibleCoefficient 0f expansion. Thus I am in cost of the heater as well as inthe space reable t0 Operate my heater at a mllCh higher temquired forit, perature and with a much greater concentration Referring to Fig. 1,which illustrates an electric of heat volume therein than has beenheretofore heater of the inclosed type heretofore in use, A possible.Moreover, the transparency of the 45 represents a metallic tube, B thecoil of conductor, quartz t0 heat radiation permits a rapid disperoftencalled the resistor, and C represents a siOn 0f the greater amOllnt 0fheat generated in powdered and packed insulating materiel suon as theresistor to the metal case and other external magnesium oxide, lava,alundum, or zirconium media to be heated thereby, so there is noacoxide, all of which are electrical insulators more cumulaticn cf heetin the resistor. in spite of its 5o or less refractory to heat, but arealso nonconhigh temperature Since it is desirable that the ductors ofheat and opaque to heat radiation. resistor, in its superheatedcondition, should be The terminal rods F F of resistor B are inclosedkept frOm VibratiOn in the quartz tube, I pack the in end bushings D Dwrapped in mica E where tube, both in and around the resistor, withquartz they enter the tube A. The advantage of this sand, indicated atY, or vibration may be prevent- 65 ed by winding the resistor with athin layer of asbestos.

Turning next to Fig. 3, I illustrate therein another orm of my inventionwherein the outside metal case is eliminated, and on the quartz tube Ware mounted at each end a metal cap Z weld-V pears in Fig. 3. In Fig. 4S represents a cross section of a vessel containing liquid to be heated.At one point in the wall of this vessel is screwed a panel T, and inthis panel are mounted the two ends o .a U-shaped quartz tube W. In eachend of the quartz tube is a bushing D, such as I have heretoforedescribed as placed in the end of a metal case outside of the quartztube (see Fig. 2)

In this apparatus, the quartz tube will have adequate mechanicalstrength, even ata luminous temperature, to act as a support for theresistor and will also insulate the resistor electrically, which hasheretofore been non-insulated thervinally, and deliver its heat directlyto the liquid in the tank.

In the following claims I intend to exclude such heater insulation asmay be opaque to heat radiation, however effective it may be aselectrical insulation.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A heater of the character described comprising a non-luminous`heat-receiving Hmedium, a tubular support of dielectric materialpermeable to radiant heat, said support being fixedly positioned withrespect to said heat receiving medium, a resistor element of theluminous type located within said tube, and a mass ofvibrationpreventing dielectric material interposed between the resistorand its support, said interposed material possessing high insulatingquality and said resistor element, said resistor support and theinterposed dielectric material being constructed and arranged totransmit radiant heat to said Vheat receiving medium.

2. In a heater of the character described, 4a radiant heat-transmittingunit comprising a tubular body of dielectric material permeableltoradiant heat, a resistor element within said tubular.'

body, and a mass of vibration preventing dielectric material fillingsaid tubular body andinclosing said resistor element.

LOUIS C. HYATT.

